| In
a speech delivered to the British Parliament in 1982, President Reagan
called for a '"Campaign for Democracy" to "fashion the
infrastructure of democracy" and assist "democratic development"
throughout the world.' This speech was the inspiration for propaganda
and ideological indoctrination that was to follow, especially with America's
stance on events in Central America.
Theodore
Draper A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affair p51
In
1983 the United States was public in its support of the Nicaraguan Contra
Guerillas. President Reagan publicly declared on May 4 1983 that he willingly
accepted 'the idea of overt aid to the anti-Sandinista guerrillas in Nicaragua.'
As support continued, American opinion polls indicated that the public
was not supportive of this action. Opponents believed that continued support
would entangle the US in another Vietnam, while supporters believed that
without support the Soviet Union would have the opportunity to develop
influence and control in Central America. In the fiscal year of 1983,
Congress passed an amendment that limited the purposes and amount of aid
that the Government could administer to the Contras. Following the uncovering/discovery
of the CIA's involvement in placing landmines in Nicaraguan harbours without
Congress' knowledge or approval, public disapproval rose and congress
support for the Administrations' policy dropped. Representative Edward
P Boland was not alone in his outrage and led Congress to cut off all
funds paid to the Contras forces with the intent of overthrowing the Sandinista
Nicaraguan Government. This amendment is known as the Boland Amendment.
However there was a loophole: the CIA and other agencies could be involved
in Nicaragua if they could claim that the purpose for their involvement
was something other than the overthrow of the Sandinista government. In
the next fiscal year the Boland Amendment was revised and prohibited any
funds for military or paramilitary operations. The first amendment had
been relatively easy to get around, as non-profit
organisations could be established, with indirect links to the administration,
which could channel funds to the appropriate sources and continue in much
the same manner as before. However, when Boland II was passed, the Administration
was faced with a serious challenge: how to keep the Contras together "body
and soul," as Reagan described it, with the clear stipulation from
Congress that there was to be no funds or CIA involvement, overtly or
covertly. Hence, the engagement of National Security Council staffs whose
intended purpose was to operate within a domestic area of government:
the NSC staff had never been, nor intended to be, used in an International
covert function. Thus the Boland Amendments did not specifically stipulate
that they were prohibited to act in this manner. This fine line of ambiguity
was seized upon by North and his associates and they took over functions
that the CIA could no longer manage in Nicaragua.
References
Theodore Draper, A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affair Hill and Wang,
New York pp17-27,51
Lee Hamilton & Daniel Inouye Report of the Congressional Committees
investigating the IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR Washington 1987 p1
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