It was not until 1794 that Britain agreed to negotiate with the US over the Nootka Sound Affair and these negotiations were settled in the Treaty of London, 19 November, 1794. Also known as Jay's Treaty, after negotiatior Chief Justice Jay, the agreement stipulated that Britain would evacuate fortifications in the Northwest. 1 'In return, [America] had to admit to British fur-trading over the northern border [into Canada]. 1 As such, 'Jay's Treaty was a restatement of Anglo-American solidarity, a renewed decalration of mutual interest in the [Mississippi] valley and forced Spain to throw open the port of New Orleans to American trade, thereby contributing to American strength in the valley.' 2 Joint agreements between England and Spain were made in March 1795. 'England reserved its right to trade along the coast, Spain surrendered its exclusive claim for the region [Nootka Sound], and both sides agreed to leave unresolved the question of California's northern border.' 3


  1. Samuel Eliot Morison and Henry Steele Commager, The Growth of the American Republic, Volume 1, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press, New Haven 1956, 356-7.
  2. Richard W. Van Alstyne, 'The Significance of the Mississippi Valley in American Diplomatic History, 1686-1890,' The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, September 1949, Volume 36, Issue2, 215-238, 224.
  3. David J. Weber, The Spanish Frontier in North America, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1992, 288.